Transformers are a critical and expensive component of the power system. Due to the long lead time for repair of and replacement of transformers, a major goal of transformer protection is limiting the damage to a faulted transformer.
Some protection functions, such as overexcitation protection and temperature-based protection may aid this goal by identifying operating conditions that may cause transformer failure. The comprehensive transformer protection provided by multiple function protective relays is appropriate for critical transformers of all applications.
Transformer Protection Overview:
The type of protection for the transformers varies depending on the application and the importance of the transformer. Transformers are protected primarily against faults and overloads. The type of protection used should minimize the time of disconnection for faults within the transformer and to reduce the risk of catastrophic failure to simplify eventual repair.
Any extended operation of the transformer under abnormal condition such as faults or overloads compromises the life of the transformer, which means adequate protection should be provided for quicker isolation of the transformer under such conditions.
Transformer Failures:
Failures in transformers can be classified into:
• winding failures due to short circuits (turn-turn faults, phase-phase faults, phase-ground, open winding)
• core faults (core insulation failure, shorted laminations)
• terminal failures (open leads, loose connections, short circuits)
• on-load tap changer failures (mechanical, electrical, short circuit, overheating)
• abnormal operating conditions (overfluxing, overloading, overvoltage)
• external faults
Source: GE Digital Energy
Differential Projection for Arbitrary 3-Phase Power Transformers
Three Phase Transformer Winding Configurations and Differential Relay Compensation
>> Best Electrical Mini Projects for 3rd Year B.E/B.Tech Students
>> More Projects on Transformer Modeling & Protection
>> 100+ Easy Electronics Projects for Engineering Students
>> Electronics Mini Projects for ECE
>> More Internet of Things (IoT) Diy Projects for Final Year Students